Title | Targeting prostaglandin E2 receptors as an alternative strategy to block cyclooxygenase-2-dependent extracellular matrix-induced matrix metalloproteinase-9 expression by macrophages. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2006 |
Authors | Pavlovic S, Du B, Sakamoto K, Khan KMFaisal, Natarajan C, Breyer RM, Dannenberg AJ, Falcone DJ |
Journal | J Biol Chem |
Volume | 281 |
Issue | 6 |
Pagination | 3321-8 |
Date Published | 2006 Feb 10 |
ISSN | 0021-9258 |
Keywords | Animals, Blotting, Western, Bucladesine, Celecoxib, Cell Line, Colforsin, Cyclooxygenase 2, Extracellular Matrix, Gene Silencing, Macrophages, MAP Kinase Signaling System, Matrix Metalloproteinase 9, Mice, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 1, Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase 3, Naphthalenes, Oligonucleotides, Peritoneum, Phenylbutyrates, Phosphorylation, Pyrazoles, Receptors, Prostaglandin E, Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction, RNA, Small Interfering, Sulfonamides, Time Factors, Transfection |
Abstract | COX-2-dependent prostaglandin (PG) E2 synthesis regulates macrophage MMP expression, which is thought to destabilize atherosclerotic plaques. However, the administration of selective COX-2 inhibitors paradoxically increases the frequency of adverse cardiovascular events potentially through the loss of anti-inflammatory prostanoids and/or disturbance in the balance of pro- and anti-thrombotic prostanoids. To avoid these collateral effects of COX-2 inhibition, a strategy to identify and block specific prostanoid-receptor interactions may be required. We previously reported that macrophage engagement of vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) triggers proteinase expression through a MAPKerk1/2-dependent increase in COX-2 expression and PGE2 synthesis. Here we demonstrate that elicited macrophages express the PGE2 receptors EP1-4. When plated on ECM, their expression of EP2 and EP4, receptors linked to PGE2-induced activation of adenylyl cyclase, is strongly stimulated. Forskolin and dibutryl cyclic-AMP stimulate macrophage matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-9 expression in a dose-dependent manner. However, an EP2 agonist (butaprost) has no effect on MMP-9 expression, and macrophages from EP2 null mice exhibited enhanced COX-2 and MMP-9 expression when plated on ECM. In contrast, the EP4 agonist (PGE1-OH) stimulated macrophage MMP-9 expression, which was inhibited by the EP4 antagonist ONO-AE3-208. When compared with COX-2 silencing by small interfering RNA or inhibition by celecoxib, the EP4 antagonist was as effective in inhibiting ECM-induced proteinase expression. In addition, ECM-induced MMP-9 expression was blocked in macrophages in which EP4 was silenced by small interfering RNA. Thus, COX-2-dependent ECM-induced proteinase expression is effectively blocked by selective inhibition of EP4, a member of the PGE2 family of receptors. |
DOI | 10.1074/jbc.M506846200 |
Alternate Journal | J Biol Chem |
PubMed ID | 16338931 |
Grant List | R01 HL073375 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States GM15431 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States P50 GM015431 / GM / NIGMS NIH HHS / United States HL073375 / HL / NHLBI NIH HHS / United States CA089578 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States |
Related Faculty:
Domenick J. Falcone, Ph.D.