Title | Kaposi sarcoma. |
Publication Type | Journal Article |
Year of Publication | 2019 |
Authors | Cesarman E, Damania B, Krown SE, Martin J, Bower M, Whitby D |
Journal | Nat Rev Dis Primers |
Volume | 5 |
Issue | 1 |
Pagination | 9 |
Date Published | 2019 01 31 |
ISSN | 2056-676X |
Keywords | AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections, B-Lymphocytes, Endothelial Cells, Epidemics, HIV Infections, Humans, Immunosuppression, Prevalence, Quality of Life, Sarcoma, Kaposi |
Abstract | Kaposi sarcoma (KS) gained public attention as an AIDS-defining malignancy; itsĀ appearance on the skin was a highly stigmatizing sign of HIV infection during the height of the AIDS epidemic. The widespread introduction of effective antiretrovirals to control HIV by restoring immunocompetence reduced the prevalence of AIDS-related KS, although KS does occur in individuals with well-controlled HIV infection. KS also presents in individuals without HIV infection in older men (classic KS), in sub-Saharan Africa (endemic KS) and in transplant recipients (iatrogenic KS). The aetiologic agent of KS is KS herpesvirus (KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus-8), and viral proteins can induce KS-associated cellular changes that enable the virus to evade the host immune system and allow the infected cell to survive and proliferate despite viral infection. Currently, most cases of KS occur in sub-Saharan Africa, where KSHV infection is prevalent owing to transmission by saliva in childhood compounded by the ongoing AIDS epidemic. Treatment for early AIDS-related KS in previously untreated patients should start with the control of HIV with antiretrovirals, which frequently results in KS regression. In advanced-stage KS, chemotherapy with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin or paclitaxel is the most common treatment, although it is seldom curative. In sub-Saharan Africa, KS continues to have a poor prognosis. Newer treatments for KS based on the mechanisms of its pathogenesis are being explored. |
DOI | 10.1038/s41572-019-0060-9 |
Alternate Journal | Nat Rev Dis Primers |
PubMed ID | 30705286 |
PubMed Central ID | PMC6685213 |
Grant List | P01 CA019014 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States UH3 CA202723 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States R01 DE028211 / DE / NIDCR NIH HHS / United States UH2 CA202723 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States P30 AI027763 / AI / NIAID NIH HHS / United States U01 CA121947 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States HHSN261200800001E / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States R01 CA096500 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States UM1 CA121947 / CA / NCI NIH HHS / United States HHSN261200800001C / RC / CCR NIH HHS / United States |
Related Lab:
Related Faculty:
Ethel Cesarman, M.D., Ph.D.